The Role of Technology in Management Leadership - 1882 Words

Over the last sixty years of business activity, there has been new ways and means of conducting business through something we call technology. Technology is the advancement and use of electronic devices and other high-tech equipment to produce and progress knowledge into the future. Advancements in technology have affected management leadership in many ways over the last sixty years. New technology has altered leaders consciousness, language, and the way they view their organization. Technological advancements have made things easier for those in management leadership roles. But as with anything, there are positive and negative aspects of technology on leadership. Some of the positive aspects of technology are: the availability and†¦show more content†¦Viruses show us how vulnerable we are. A properly engineered virus can have an amazing effect on the worldwide Internet. On the other hand, they show how sophisticated and interconnected human beings have become. In to p performing organizations, each area is strong and constantly improving. For example, in our technological age, leaders need to ensure that theyre constantly upgrading their technical expertise and technological tools. They cant afford to fall behind. In many cases, the laptop computer can be a huge help with email, time management, storing and easily retrieving information, keeping contact and project records, maintaining databases, developing slides for presentations and workshops, and accessing a multitude of information and research through the Internet. Without it, most leaders would be thirty to forty percent less productive and would need much more administrative help. If leaders understanding of their organizations expectations is only partially accurate, expensive technology and reengineered processes will only deliver partial results. If leaders in our organizations cannot communicate face-to-face, electronic communications wont improve communications very much. If management leadership has not established the discipline of setting priorities for their time or organizing themselves, a laptop computer or other wireless mobile device will not do it for them. SystemsShow MoreRelated The Role of Technology in Management Leadership Essay1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of Technology in Management Leadership Over the last sixty years of business activity, there has been new ways and means of conducting business through something we call technology. Technology is the advancement and use of electronic devices and other high-tech equipment to produce and progress knowledge into the future. Advancements in technology have affected management leadership in many ways over the last sixty years. New technology has altered leaders’ consciousness, languageRead MoreChange Strategies For Improving Workplace Transformations.1329 Words   |  6 PagesImproving Workplace Transformations Effective Human Resource management requires a strong understanding of the logistics of managing change. Now more than ever organizations are facing fundamental shifts in their markets. Very often however, organizations become caught up by their internal dynamics. It is not surprising that companies are reluctant to undergo coordinated programs of change for a fear of failure. Successful Change management needs to be a systematic approach to dealing with changeRead MoreBusiness Strategy Towards Global Education1234 Words   |  5 Pageseducation and by streamlining technology in 2013 (Radjou Pradhu, 2013; Pearson, n.d.a). In 2012, Tim Bozik, the president of the higher education division, began consolidating duplicative groups within higher education ahead of the broader organization beginning its technology consolidation strategy; these assets were the result of multiple acquisitions. At the time, higher education had technology divisions scattered across the United States, I ndia and Sri Lanka. The technology leaders were asked toRead MoreThe Success Or Failure Of Any Firm Or Organization Depends Upon The Competency And Proficiency Of Its Workforce1584 Words   |  7 Pagesfor an organization to retain its most talented workforce and develop them for the success of the organization. A successful organization knows how to hold on to its talented employees and utilize them. Benevolence of an organization plays a vital role in keeping hold of their capable employees. Employee retention strategies are applied at all three levels of an organization structure (High level, Middle level and Low level). For an organization to be more competitive and successful a high qualityRead MoreInterview With A Certified Nurse Practitioner1446 Words   |  6 PagesOur healthcare system is ever evolving, remarkably changing the sphere of nursing practice. The roles of Advanced Nurse Practice practitioners are expanding, taking up a multitude of roles across a diversified healthcare specialties. Advance Nurse Practice practitioner stands as leader in this comprehensive profession bridging the gap in management and clinical aspect of care (McDermott Morant, 2010), reflecting the complexity of culture, organization and practice setting (Hyrkas Dende,2008)Read MoreThe Operation Strategies And Cost Leadership1399 Words   |  6 Pagesexplores the operation strategies and cost leadership of both IKEA and Fruity fro-yo and how it relates to business operations. The success of the business will also be assessed through the identified operations strategies that each of the businesses applies into the ir operations. This results in increased operations efficiency, which is discussed within this business report. Strategic role of management - Cost leadership Cost leadership: Cost leadership refers to the strategies to produce goodsRead MoreAn Effective Professional Nurse Leader1118 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Leadership As a nursing professional, being an effective professional nurse leader requires the ability to construct a plan, communicate, and create a vision with the staff members, while inspiring them to solve problems effectively. There are many leadership theories in which identify an individual behavioral trait of becoming an effective leader. The nurse leader must able to listen and collaborate with staff members regarding different issues as the problems arise in the work environmentRead MoreA Reflective Plan For Fishing Technologies Pty Ltd1699 Words   |  7 Pages1 INTRODUCTION Throughout this paper will be a clear reflective plan for Fishing Technologies Pty Ltd, which is a new venture inspired by an innovative concept for creating modern and digitalised fishing products. This will begin with an executive summary of the business idea to include details of the location, industry, and marketing segments for the product initiative. Following this includes the business vision and mission statements, both with objectives aligned towards the businesses futureRead MoreNetwork Management Field Via Teams And Groups1696 Words   |  7 Pagesstares endlessly in to their computer screens. From an outsider’s point of this would appear as an individualistic job, with little team interaction. On the contrary, many task are accomplished in the network management field via teams and groups. Competing and succeeding in today’s technology systems requires more than just talented individuals, it requires the ability to effectively operate in an organized team environment. Before gathering members to form a team it is important to understandRead MoreBlack Swan Events: Global Emergency Management Essay examples1205 Words   |  5 Pages As emergency management leaders for the 21st century, we need to develop new risk assessment and management models to factor in the â€Å"unthinkable† globally impacting ‘black swam’ type events, using satellite imagery, and all the other technology and resources available to better enable us to forecast and plan for these type of events, with the view to minimize their impacts. These technologies should be globally linked, like a global warning system similar to a Tsunami early warning system. According

Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1537 Words

Have you ever heard of the phrase â€Å"With great power comes great responsibility?† Perhaps this quote from The Amazing Spider-Man sounds familiar. Even if it doesn’t, I want you to think about it for a minute. This quote is pretty self explanatory, but it does not explain the consequences that may come if one fails to have great responsibility. The complication that great power brings is the potential for power to fall into the wrong hands and dismantle a community. In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe one observes the many consequences this issue can have on a town. Okonkwo is the main character of this novel, the leader of the clan of Umuofia. The violence that Okonkwo inflicts on his clan gradually turns him into the man he has always feared of becoming and without the guidance of an outstanding leader the people of Umuofia are with ease altered by colonialism which not only rips the people apart from each other but also tears them from their culture, o ne can learn to reflect on morality of their desires before acting out of control. In a society where violence is a sign of dominance and manliness it would be nothing but normal for a man to hit his wives, such is Umuofia. But when that man begins to show no mercy for his own people, it is no longer acceptable. Okonkwo is that man. Instead of being viewed as a role model who the people should follow after, he is seen as a threat to the terrorized people of Umuofia. He had a slight stammer and whenever he wasShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

Resume and Cover Letter

Question: Describe about the resume and cover letter? Answer: JOB ADVERTISEMENT Wanted a fresher or experienced junior legal secretary with excellent office management and client attorney handling skills with a working knowledge of basic legal terminologies, general law, legal proceedings and completed or continuing studies in social and legal disputes. Applications for junior legal secretary Name of the company Allen and Overy Post Junior legal secretary Number of vacancies 4 Job description Responsible for assisting the secretaries and lawyers in group with basics of law File maintenance and administrative tasks completion Fast typing of legal documents Front desk interaction and fixing of meetings with clients Management of client databases Be able to produce documents like legal memos, deeds, motions, briefs and charges Educational qualification required Diploma or graduation in secretarial qualification (Legal secretary certificate or associate degree) Minimum qualification in legal writing, legal research, business communication 0-1 year experience in a legal or front office job is preferable. Required a typing speed of 40-50 wpm Good and working knowledge of Microsoft office (Word, excel, power point and access) Additional requirements Excellent communication skills Excellent client handling skills Positive attitude and keenness to learn new concepts Comfortable and professional phone manner Reliable, sharp and trustworthy Salary $ 20000 -$30000 (Further negotiable as per the experience and standards of the candidate) Job location Sydney and Perth, Australia Resume 1. Personal details Full name Lim Wei Tan (Kelly) Nationality Malaysian Current location Melbourne, Victoria Date of Birth 06th June 1992 Gender Female Age 22 yeras Marital status Single Current position Bachelor student Contact details +6 011-33658990 / +614 666 31374 Email details miya_kly@hotmail.com / s3428872@student.rmit.edu.au Expected salary RM500 (negotiable) Depend on area and country Citizenship Availed Australian Visa and Working permit Available Immediately or 2 week notice Mailing address 709, 330 lygon st, Brunswick East 3057, Victoria. Residential address k.s114, Kuala Sungai Baru 78200, Melaka, Malaysia. 2. Career objective I would like to start my career with the challenging job of legal secretary as assisting the law firms will give an opportunity to handle complex real life situations. Moreover I being a self motivated professional would like to demonstrate my legal abilities and critical thinking within the complex social and political situations. Management of core legal deals and experience gained form the handling of the client- attorney relationships will help me to expand my legal career in future as senior legal executives in International organizations. I am a person with high degree of organizing skills and can effectively plan, manage and maintain the confidentiality of the legal proceedings. 3. Educational qualifications Name of the degree Name of school/ college/ university Year of passing Grade or marks obtained Relevant coursework High School Graduate degree Notre Dame in Melaka, Malaysia 2005-2011 Passed with first division grades English Mathematics Science SPM- Certificate of education is a national examination for fifth-year secondary school student in Malaysia Certificate of English language Chisholm Tafe in Melbourne, Australia 2010 - 2011 Secured first division grades Learn about basic English skills like public speaking, listening, grammar, spelling, reading and writing Diploma in Business administration 3. Chisholm Tafe in Melbourne, Australia 2012-2013 Secured 65% marks Finance Environment Teamwork Training Marketing (Sales, advertising, price etc) Management of business Bachelor of social science and legal and dispute studies RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia 2013 2016 Family, society and law Deviant, control and conflict Foundation of law Alternative dispute resolution Intercultural communiation 4. Employment details Company Name: Arrow Game in Melaka Industry type: Entertainment industry (Business of archery for young people with first time experience) Job position: Waitress Job span: October 2004- December 2004 (Three months) Duties Cleaning and making the premises tidy and presentable Making and serving of drinks to the customers Providing all kinds of customer services Preparing of archery equipments for clients Company name: Tims Style in Melaka, Malaysia Industry type: Fashion Industry Job position: Sales assistant Time Span: November 2008 June 2010 Duties catering to the customer service needs like visiting the prospective clients Sale the companys product and meeting of monthly targets Management of the cash inventory of the store as a cashier position at times Keeping a valuation of the closing stock of the store Company name: Seri Hair Beauty Salon in Melbourne, Australia Industry Type: Fashion industry Job position: Hairdressing Apprentice Time span: May 2011 December 2012 (One and half year) Duties Engaged in Coloring of the customers hair Perform effective blow drying of both male and female customers Engaged in functions of hair treatment Providing basic customer care services Sales the beauty products of the salon Company Name: Kian Hong Plant SDN BHD in Melaka, Malaysia Industry type: Administrative industry Job position: Human Resource manager Time span: October 2012- March 2013 continued again from October 2013 March 2014 Reason for time gap: Working on holiday period on a part time basis Duties Recruitment and hiring process of new employees Dealing and fixing the problems and complaints of the employees Maintaining effective communication with external as well as internal stakeholders Providing legal advice in relation to facts like visa policy, social policy, company contracts, employee contracts and registration terms to the employees 5. Additional qualification Language proficiency High school graduate level certificate in English Language in 2008 for high skilled English delivery in debates, public speaking, essay writing and extempore Technical proficiency and computer knowledge Beginners certificate in computer language program covering MS office, DMBS applications, DOA and Windows applications Advanced certificate in computer language program covering Humming bird document management, Financial tools including Tally 9.1 Technical certificate on DAKCS database system helpful for the purposes of recording account histories, case sensitive documentation for attorneys. 6. Core competencies and professional skills Good and effective communication skills with accuracy in grammar and spelling Organizing and planning skills with ability to work to deadlines Multitasking and ability to manage several tasks at a time Excellent secretarial skills Discreet and trustworthy in maintaining confidentiality of data Highly accurate and attentive to every minute details knowledge and experience of the law and legal Decision making and judgmental skills ability to interact easily with customers and make a positive fist impression Ability to remain patient to the needs and requirements of the customers and team members Ability to maintain good working relationship with the colleagues and facilitates sharing of information and ideas 7. Interests and hobbies Reading academic and business journals Listening to live music albums Interested in viewing comedy films Volunteering for charity activities and community services Beekeeping Cooking 8. Extracurricular activities Member of a debate society in the higher graduate school level and participated in structured public debates Member of a law group and participate in international relation, social environment and legal conferences Participated in mooting during the paralegal degree and acted in mock legal hearing cases and also participated in witness examination, client interviewing and negotiation cases Member of environmental clubs and chess club in the bachelor degree college Member of RMIT Asian Association and participated increasing fun and engaging atmosphere and a good social life for the Asian students of RMIT Member of RMIT HSKA wwhich is a Hong Kong students association in RMIT University of Melbourne 9. Referees Name: Ms. Nicky Position: manager Company: Kian Hoong Plant SDN BHD Contact address: No. 29-1 Jalan TTC 26B,Taman Teknologi Cheng, 75260,Melaka, Malaysia Name: Ms Jinni Park Position: Manager of Hair dresser Company: Seri Hair and beauty Salon Contact address: Melbourne Central Dome, 154/211 La Trobe Street, Melbourne Cover Letter Dear Sir/ Madam, In response to your advertisement for Application for junior legal secretary I am enclosing my resume with the appropriate required details and proofs of my academic qualification certificates and job experience certificates. I shall be greatly obliged if you would consider my application for the current mentioned post in your organization. By applying for the vacant position of legal secretary in your company I would be able to capitalize on my education and prior legal work experience. Availing this job opportunity will help me to progress in my career and advance within the legal and social sector. I have completed degree in Bachelor of Science in Paralegal studies and is currently pursuing an additional degree in Bachelor of social science and legal studies hence I can assure you of having concrete theoretical knowledge of law. During my current course I have gained knowledge relating to critical societal debates and how society responds to social issues including criminality, imprisonment and abuse. Your organization being a legal expert in criminal matters will help me to apply the theoretical knowledge practically. Hence forth I am eager to put the theoretical knowledge into practice within your organizational context. My resume reflects that I have also acquired legal as well as administrative practical experience in small and medium organizations. While working as an administrative assistant and front office executive I have gained experience in customer handling techniques and have also developed skills in effective database management. Moreover I would like to highlight the fact that my present job position of legal assistant has helped me to learn about practical legal terms and also made me capable of drafting legal letters, court case proceeds and effective use of DAKCS technology. I would like to confirm that I am suitable for the vacant position in your organization since I have already worked in a legal firm and hence I have discreet qualities of maintaining confidentiality. My non legal experience has also helped me to increase my potentials in completion of projects under stringent deadlines. At every educational level I had a clear goal of achieving first division in spite of simultaneously engaging myself in various part time jobs. Apart from my professional and educational experiences I have been working as a volunteer to serve the community against legal abuses and I believe my leadership skills and hardworking commitment nature will be helpful for the post in your organization. I also belive that my passion and undying spirit and capability to conduct through research for any given piece of work will be helpful for the legal research work conducted by your firm. I believe that I am a suitable candidate in view of my knowledge, legal exposure and long term commitment within the legal field however I would be grateful if you would give an opportunity to further discuss about my qualifications and arrange an interview at your end. Thanking you in advance for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely Lim Wei Tan (Kelly) Selection Criteria Statement The following statement will guide you about my achievements and will help you to analyze the selection criteria of the post. The following skills, abilities, knowledge and qualifications will help you to identify my potential in respect to the desired job position in your company. The different selection criteria are listed below along with the instance which proves the presence of the criteria within my works. I have focused on the use of the simple STAR model for the structuring of the selection criteria. The model helps to identify the situation, outlines the task performed in the situation, describes the action taken by me in the situation and explains the result or the impact of the action. Team work skills Situation: In my high school while pursuing the graduate degree I was involved in a research project for conducting primary research on a new product launch. The research project was divided into two parts. The first part involved collection of data from the consumers about their perceptions of the new product and the second part involved compilation of the data and using of various statistical tools in order to analyze the data and prepare a hand written report of the same. Task: The co coordinator of the project had divided the class into different teams and the teams were assigned various parts of the project. This was done in order to facilitate quick completion of the project work. My team was assigned to complete the final stage work of preparation of the hand written project report. Action: The team discussed the process of doing the report in a meeting where it was decided that the report will be divided section wise in between various team members. My role was to co ordinate the works of the other team members. I was supposed to collect the report portions from the various team members and combine them together and report for the overall progress of the same. We agreed upon a schedule for the same and all reports were forwarded to me within the stipulated timeline. Finally I assembled and combined all the arts of the report efficiently and prepared the final project. However after the preparation of the final project I forwarded the same report to all the other team members for their consent or any further suggestions. Finally with the consent of all members I was able to deliver the final project. Result: The result was positive as we secured a high distinction and the project was completed on time and our work was appreciated by the teachers and other team members. Good and effective communication skills Situation: I was appointed as a waitress in Arrow Game in Melaka, Malaysia Task: My task was to manage a group of foreign delegates along with my team members Action: Many of my team members lacked appropriate communication skills hence I spoke to my team members and trained them to understand non verbal communicative signs in order to cater to the basic needs of the delegates (Southwood, 2012). Result: The final result was positive and the delegates were impressed with our services and we were given a token of appreciation by the manager of the hotel. Decision making and judgmental skills Situation: While working as a sales assistant in Tims Style Melaka, Malaysia I faced a grave situation where my junior had sold a wrong item to the customer and the customer companied to the company executive about the same. Task: The major problem was that my junior had sold a wrong item to the customers. This created a job issue for my junior and also an accountability issue for me. Action: I was given the responsibility to take a decision in this matter. I was supposed to inform the senior level management about whether it was the fault of the junior assistant or it was a fault within the clause. My decision would make a negative impact on the career of the junior assistant who was new in the company and was not highly knowledgeable about products. Result: The decision I took was beneficial for both the parties. I informed the senior managers that the junior was not totally knowledgeable about the products and the lack of guidance by any higher authority made me make this mistake. Further I spoke with the client and assured him that product had certain other benefits which the client can avail and using my good convincing skills I convinced the customer. Customer service Situation: While working in Arrow game I was faced with a situation of customer service interaction with one of the customers who visited the hotel. The customer was very rude and complaining in nature and since I was in charge of serving drinks to the customers hence I had to encounter her negative behavior within the company premises. Task: In this situation a customer complained about an insect in her drink and she was very upset about the situation. On enquiry it was found that there was no evidence of any inset in the drink. However the customer was aggressive and was not ready to accept any views of the hotel staffs. Action: Being the front office executive I had to console the customer and also sooth the customer in order to maintain the goodwill of the hotel in the eyes of the other customers present there. Hence I took her to a different room personally spoke with her for minutes and understood the fact that she was out of money and hence created the drama so that the cost of the drink could be foregone. Empathizing with her situation I offered her a complementary drink and she also apologized to the hotel staffs about the accusation and the rude behavior she expressed. Result: The problem was solved effectively and she was pleased at the customer services provided in the hotel. Moreover she visited the hotel again with her friends and paid an extra amount for the previous days drink confirming that she likes paying visits to this hotel. Research analytical skills Situation: While pursuing my legal course in the field of social science and legal issues I participated in a legal mooting event. A legal moot is a one act legal play which is conducted by the legal students. The mooting is a form of legal court case where a court case role play is conducted in order to give the law students a practical experience in the following field. Task: I was given the part of the lawyer and was bestowed upon by a case which was a very complex social case on a rising social issue. However I was not given any case references or any previous case links in this matter. Hence I had to conduct my own research over the case issues and form a draft which I would have to execute in the moot court case event. Since this was a part of my semester activity hence I had to be very careful in conducting the case in a relevant manner so that my semester marks would not be hampered. Action: I made a thorough research of the academic journals and the relevant case laws in order to gain suggestions about the case. For further investigations I explored the relevant cases or the moot cases which are similar to my case study. I gained references from academic journals and academic law books in order get knowledge about the whole case study. I also contacted my seniors in order to acquire their advice on how to conduct the moot case study and what relevant points should I include in order to make my case stronger. Result: Finally on the day of the moot court case, I was able to make my case stronger in comparison to the opposition lawyer. The facts collected by me helped me to defend my case at every turning point of the case. The judge and the concerned professors were impressed by my through research on the case topic and my production of the relevant laws, sections and subsections. I won my case due to my excess efforts and highly developed analytical skills. I was able to establish the fact that I have very good research skills. These highly effective research skills helped me to secure a high grade in the semester examinations. Technical skills Situation: I was given the job to revive lost data base from the DBMS system in the computer while working as a HR. The data was every important and relevant because they were the customer and client information which were stored within the system without any manual backup. Task: The breakdown of the technology had resulted in the loss of client case data in the DBMS system. The company had given me the responsibility to revive or create new data overnight for all the clients in order to facilitate the progress or the cases (Brandon, 2013). Action: Since the time of my joining I had kept e record of the client data in my own personal computer. Hence I had the opportunity of accessing the lost data. However it was a challenging to convert the data and record the whole data within the DBMS overnight. Nevertheless, I took the opportunity to revive the data which I had recorded by taking the data out from my own personal computer and creating the data list in the DBMS overnight. I used my fast typing speed and high technical and computer knowledge in order to record the data in a super speedy manner. Result: This made a positive and a good experience about my technical skills in my office. I was able to create a new data base overnight and everyone in the office appreciated about my hard work, dedication, typing speed and moreover my effective computer and technical knowledge. Planning skills Situation: While pursuing diploma in business administration, I was required to participate in a business fair for the social welfare purposes. This fair was organized for the contribution of fund for social causes. The plan of the fair was to establish various stalls with usable products and food products to the customers and the fund collected from the same would be forwarded to the social child care organizations. Task: My task was to organize the marketing and promotional activities directed towards the promotion of the products for sell. The major part of my task was to organize the whole event and plan for the appropriate marketing strategies for the promotion of the products so as to increase the sale of the products and fetch a good revenue amount in order to forward a huge amount to the social organizations. Action: I set up a strategic plan for the same. I prepared a marketing proposal including the promotional strategies and the appropriate financial fund and expenses that the marketing strategies and promotional strategies are expected to incur. Then I showed my proposal to the working committee of the college who was in charge of the whole event. The committee considered my proposal and we decided to implement the marketing campaign program. Finally I contacted different sponsors who would be able to sponsor the whole event and the different stalls. I also contacted the different concerned persons like the people who are dealing in designing hoardings, online promotions and also the print shops for the printing of the pamphlets. I arranged and made a blueprint for the construction of the different sores within the campus. The stores were allocated to the different students and I selected the tem leaders from among the various team members in each stall. Finally the event started and it continued for around 3days. Result: The end result was a huge success of the event. Majority of the products were sold and huge amount of fund was collected for the funding purpose of the social organizations. The committee informed me that as a result of my marketing campaign I was able to attract more that the expected number of customers. Reference list Books Brandon, M. (2013).How to write the perfect CV. Lexington, Kentucky: publisher not identified. Southwood, S. (2012).Fast facts for job hunters. Leicester: NIACE.

Remains of the day Essay Example For Students

Remains of the day Essay What history is to a nation, memory is to the individual. Both serve to locate us, to tell us who we are by reminding us of what we have been and done. And both, as Kazuo Ishiguro suggests, are open to selection, repression and revision. The Remains of the Day, Ishiguros third novel, examines the intersections of individual memory and national history through the mind of Stevens, a model English butler who believes that he has served humanity by devoting his life to the service of a great man, Lord Darlington. The time is 1956; Darlington has died, and Darlington Hall has been let by an American businessman. As Stevens begins a solitary motor trip to the west country, traveling farther and farther from familiar surroundings, he also embarks on a harrowing journey through his own memory. What he discovers there causes him to question not only Lord Darlingtons greatness, but also the meaning of his own insular life. The journey motif is a deceptively simple structural device; the farther Stevens travels from Darlington Hall, it seems, the closer he comes to understanding his life there. But in Stevenss travel journal Ishiguro shapes an ironic, elliptical narrative that reveals far more to the reader than it does to Stevens. The butler believes, for instance, that he makes his trip for professional reasons, to persuade a former housekeeper, Miss Kenton, to return to Darlington Hall. But through deftly managed flashbacks and Stevenss naive admissions, the reader sees instead that the matter is highly personal: Stevens had loved Miss Kenton but let her marry another man; he now wishes to make up for lost time, to correct the mistakes of his past. More important than that veiled love storybut intimately connected with itis the matter of Lord Darlington, and the degree to which Stevenss sense of self is founded upon his belief in Darlingtons greatness. It becomes clear enough to the reader, though Stevens is long in admitting it to himself, that Darlington had been a political pawn of fascism and the Nazisunwitting perhaps, misguided no doubt, but hardly the great man that Stevens had deceived himself into believing he served. These revelations are made through a delicate and powerful process: as Stevenss journal shifts between travelogue, personal memoir and reflections on his profession, his memory slides continually between Darlington Hall in the ruined, empty present, the height of Darlingtons influence (and Stevenss pride) in the 1920s, and the tense, disturbing pre-war 1930s. Carefully elided from consideration, repressed and hidden, are the war years themselves and their immediate aftermath. We know they are there, of course, and we may guess what they meant at Darlington Hall, but Stevenss memorial archaeology leaves that particular tomb unexcavated. In the end, Stevens must come to some sense of resignation and resolution, both about Darlington and about himself. The source of Stevenss pride is also, after all, potentially the source of his shame. He was willing enough to shine in the light of Darlingtons greatness, and now must either share in his disgrace, orwhat is perhaps more difficultadmit that his own dedicated and deeply considered professionalism has had no real part to play on the stage of world history. Like all great novels, The Remains of the Day is an organic work, its parts perfectly integrated, every scene imaging the whole. In his carefully controlled prose, so perfectly suited to his narrator, in his effortless movement among several different time settings, in his almost magical evocation of simultaneous humor and pathos, Ishiguro proves himself a masterful artist in full command of his elements. And in this novel, those elements combine to form a profound psychological and cultural portrait that reveals the authors great abiding theme: the art and artifice of memoryBibliography:

A Case Study Analysis on the Strategic Alliances of Audio Duplication Services, Inc. (Ads) Essay Example

A Case Study Analysis on the Strategic Alliances of Audio Duplication Services, Inc. (Ads) Essay Abstract Logistic strategy is vital part of company’s goal to reduce cost, gain more profit and improve supplier-customer relationship. This paper studied the logistic process of Vanity Products to have a grasp of how logistic works and affects the flow of supply chain. Guide questions are answered to have a better understanding on the logistic and warehousing; and how these decisions must be well thought. Evaluation, conclusions and recommendation are done to know the best alternative for Vanity Products. Introduction Background and Significance of the Study The strategic decision with regards to alliances is an option for firms to improve and strengthen their respective firms. Strategic alliances is said to be a multi-faceted, goal oriented partnerships of companies in which each shares resources and rewards but the risks involved is also shared. In deciding whether such alliances will help your firm, several factors should be considered. These factors are, if this would add value to the products, if this would improve the firm market access, if this would strengthen the operation, if this would enhance strategic growth and organizational skills, and if this would build the firm’s financial strength. The decision if one firm should make an alliance to another company is something that is thought thoroughly. We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Study Analysis on the Strategic Alliances of Audio Duplication Services, Inc. (Ads) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Study Analysis on the Strategic Alliances of Audio Duplication Services, Inc. (Ads) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Case Study Analysis on the Strategic Alliances of Audio Duplication Services, Inc. (Ads) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This strategic alliance is a very big step for any firm and the firm should be very critical in making such decisions because the benefits are high and so the risks in this kind of arrangement. Objective of the Study This study aims to: 1. Study and analyze the strategic alliances of Audio Duplication Services, Inc. (ADS) 2. Evaluate the alternative of ADS on its logistics management 3. Study and analyze the benefits of Vendor-managed inventory(VMI) Key Terms to Remember Shipping Cost – Third Party Logistics- the use of outside company to provide for a particular services to perform all or part of the firm’s material management and product distribution functions Strategic Alliances – agreement among firms in which each commits resources to achieve a common set of objectives Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)- a family of business models in which the buyer of a product provides certain information to a vendor Results and Discussions Case Questions 1. Why are ADS’s customers’ customers moving towards VMI arrangements? ADS’s customers’ customers (i. e. etailers) are moving towards the VMI arrangement so that the likelihood of being out of stock is reduced and the inventory level in the supply chain is also reduced. This will be achieved because through VMI the retailers could provide a continuously updated point-of-sale (POS) to the record companies. By then, the decisions that will be made by the record companies like how much of each album, CD, and cassette title is delivered and when each delivery is made will be more accurate because the records company’s data is updated. 2. How will this impact ADS’s business? How can ADS management take advantage of this situation? This decision on VMI arrangement will have a big impact on ADS. The ADS management should take advantage in the new arrangement because through this they could maintain a more accurate inventory level. Because in this kind of arrangement, the ADS takes full responsibility on the inventory level and through VMI they could have a more accurate inventory level and also ADS could deliver the product on time. 3. How should ADS manage logistics? The ADS should manage logistics by hiring a third party logistics to manage the logistics in their supply chain. This decision is based on several reasons. One of these is that managing logistics is not one of the expertises of ADS Company and by hiring a third party logistics the ADS Company could now focus on their competency of cassette duplication. Also, the new arrangement of direct shipping to the stores would incur higher shipping cost for ADS because of a more complicated route that unlike before there is a distribution center where the products are shipped; in this situation it is very logical for them to hire a third party logistics so that the path networks of these stores would be manage efficiently by third party logistics who are experts in this things. Another reason why ADS Company should not opt to buy a fleet of trucks is that this alternative would require a very high capital investment. Thus, ADS should hire a third party logistics to manage their logistics. 4. Why are the large national retailers moving toward a direct shipment model? So that the product would get into the specific stores where it is needed on time and with the right quantity. Also, direct shipment model is important in a business to reduce the lead time especially for a company whose nature is already changing due to the changing technology. Conclusions, Recommendations, References, and Other Details Conclusions Ultimately, a business organization’s goal is to make profit. But one cannot forsake the quality of the product as well as the satisfaction of customers. In this case, the customers of Vanity Products made changes in terms of ordering the products they need. It was very challenging for VP to adapt to the changes made by the customers since significant changes have to be implemented to address the demands of customers. VP encountered problems regarding cost as well as logistic service. With this, Tom White recommended a solution where different warehouses will be established near the customers. In the long-term, it is beneficial to the company because it decreases the cost in terms of transportation. Recommendations From the main discussion, Tom’s proposal is the best course for Vanity Products. The requirement of the customers that the products be delivered within five days will be met. At the same time, the cost of VP will be lower compared to that of delivering less than truckload quantities to a specific store or using a peddle run method to deliver a full truckload quantities to a set of stores or customers. Thus, the best alternative or solution to the problem is to implement Tom’s proposal. References (1)J. Heizer and B. Render. (2010). Operations Management. Tenth Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. (2) Munley. com. Truck Accidents Glossary. Retrieved February 4, 2013 at http://www. unley. com/truck_glossary/legal_glossary_p. html (3) Businessdictionary. com. Freight Costs. (2012) Retrieved February 4, 2013 at http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/freight-cost. html Other Details â€Å"A Case Study Analysis on the Strategic Alliances of Audio Duplication Services, Inc. (ADS)† IE 191 Section: V Date of Submission: March 21, 2013 Contributors Signature Members: Josol, Patricia Beatriz| ___________| Palomar, Romelyn Mae| ___________| Tena, Mara Alyssa| ___________|

Global forces and Western European brewing Industry

Global forces and Western European brewing Industry PESTEL analysis of Western European Brewing Industry Political factors Unfavorable attitude of European governments toward beer and alcoholic beverages, in general. These products are regarded as demerit goods which means that their consumption has to be restricted. This results in numerous legal regulations on the advertisement, marketing, and production of such products1. Economic factors The decrease in consumption of beer. In many European countries such as Belgium, Denmark, Norway, France, and the United Kingdom bear consumption level dropped significantly within the period between 2000 and 2007. Merges in the industry due to global pressure of consolidation. Economic recession in Europe and the United States2. Social factors Growing concern about the dangers of alcohol consumption. The changes in the buying behaviors of consumers, especially the growing popularity of wines3. Increasing demand for alcohol-free beer. Low birth rates in European countries4 and increase of pop ulation In Asian countries and India. Technological factors The development of new technologies which can facilitate the production and storage of beer. For instance, one can mention those technologies that improve beer recovery process or filtration5. Environmental factors The demands to make brewing process more eco-friendly, for example, we can speak about the necessity to reduce the discharge of chemicals6. The necessity to develop an alternative to conventional bottles or aluminum. cans. The main purpose is to make beer containers more recyclable. At the given moment, the influence of these environmental factors is not very strong but this issue can become much more urgent within the next two decades. Legal factors Stronger enforcement of laws prohibiting underage consumption of alcohol. For instance, one can mention such plan â€Å"Think 21† which is aimed at reducing the availability of alcoholic beverages to adolescents7. Similar laws and restrictions are impose d throughout Europe and the United States. Tight governmental control over the production of beer. Porter’s Five Forces The threat of new entrants Currently entry barriers are very high because brewing industry becomes more consolidated, and the majority of the companies operating in this market are economies of scale.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global forces and Western European brewing Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the data, presented in the case study there are ten international brewing companies which control more than 30 percent of global market share8. These corporations can pursue cost-leader policies, and new-comers will find it difficult to compete with them. Therefore, the threat of new entrants is not significant. The threat of substitute products Wine and some non-alcoholic beverages can be viewed as substitute products; however, drinking beer is rooted in the tradit ions of many countries and it is important from social point of view. This is why it is rather unlikely that this beverage will lose its popularity. Hence, the threat is more or less moderate. The power of suppliers The main suppliers of brewing companies are the packaging manufacturers and agricultural sector. Each of these industries is highly concentrated, for instance, there are only three can producers in the UK9, and breweries dictate their terms to them. The same thing can be said about the suppliers of barley or grains. Thus, the power of suppliers is relative strong. The bargaining power of customers The main buyers are supermarket chains such as Tesco or Carrefour. Brewing companies sell them approximately 67 percent of their products10. Thus, these customers are very important to breweries and they can make concessions to them, especially if we are speaking about the price. Thus, the power of customers is very strong and it can become even stronger. The Intensity of compe tition The industry is very concentrated and the competition between companies is very intense. In 2009, ten brewing companies produced more than 60 percent of global beer volume11. Under such circumstanced competitive advantages can be gained by introducing new products such as fruit-flavored beer.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion PESTEL analysis and the study of Porter’s Five Forces indicate that brewing companies must be aware of the following challenges. Legal and social factors will produce the most adverse effects on this industry. These companies should remember about changing lifestyles and increasing awareness about the dangers of alcohol consumption. The same thing can be said about legal restriction on the marketing of beer. This is why they need to emphasize the healthfulness of their products. They must prove that beer should not be vi ewed by the governments as alcoholic beverage and a demerit good. In the future, they may have to increase the production of alcohol-free beer. Secondly, they should explore new markets for their products, especially in such countries as China or India. The thing is that the consumption of beer in Europe can decline even more due to the decrease of population in this region. Finally, these companies should develop their own distribution networks in order to diminish their dependence on super or hypermarkets. At this point, they are the main customers of brewing companies. The impacts of global forces on specific companies Anheuser- Busch InBev The products of Anheuser- Busch InBev are well-positioned in the markets of different counties. This company possesses such famous brands as Stella Artois, Beck’s or Budweiser. Its main strengths are well-developed supply chain and close cooperation between various divisions 12. This company ensures that the best practices are quickly s hared across different breweries. However, it has some weaknesses as well. They have to manage more than 300 brands and this is quite a challenging task. Secondly, the legal status of this corporation is not secure since in many countries is viewed as monopoly. Greene King The main strength of Greene King is that it has its distribution network. This company runs more than 200013 pubs across the UK. Hence, they are less dependent on hypermarkets. Moreover, many British customers feel strong affiliation to this brand. However, there are several significant weaknesses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global forces and Western European brewing Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, this company has not fully explored international markets and in the future they can suffer losses due to the decline of beer consumption in the UK. Additionally, in the recent year public image of this company suffered significant ly, because it is accused of monopolizing the UK market and closing many local breweries. Tsingtao The key strength of this company is that it is very well-posited in China, one of the largest markets in the world. Furthermore, this company has successfully entered European and American markets. The main weaknesses of this organization are more related to its external environment. Tsingtao operates in a very regulated market and it can be controlled by the Chinese government. Finally, some of its brands are not familiar to European customers. Reference List Blee M R. Whittington. â€Å"Global forces and the Western European Brewing Industry†. In G. Johnson (ed.), Exploring Strategy, 9th edn, Pearson Education, New York, 2008, pp. 1-3. Bereridge F S. Velutti. Gender and the open method of coordination: perspectives on law, governance and equality in the EU, Ashgate Publishing, New York, 2008. Moens, G. J. Trone, Commercial law of the European Union, Springer, London, 2010. Porter. M. On competition. Harvard Business Press, Cambridge, 2008.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proctor A. Alternatives to Conventional Food Processing, Royal Society of Chemistry, London. 2011. Lewis M. Bamforth C. Essays in brewing science, Springer, London, 2006. The Department of Health. Youth Alcohol Action Plan, Home Office, London, 2008. Footnotes 1 Moens, G. J. Trone, Commercial law of the European Union, Springer, London, 2010, p. 62 2 Blee M R. Whittington. â€Å"Global forces and the Western European Brewing Industry†. In G. Johnson (ed.), Exploring Strategy, 9th edn, Pearson Education, New York, 2008, p 2. 3 Blee M R. Whittington, p 1 4 Bereridge F S. Velutti. Gender and the open method of coordination: perspectives on law, governance and equality in the EU, Ashgate Publishing, New York, 2008. 5 Proctor A. Alternatives to Conventional Food Processing, Royal Society of Chemistry, London. 2011, p 237 6 Lewis M. Bamforth C. Essays in brewing science, Springer, London, 2006, p 170. 7 The Department of Health. Youth Alcohol Action Plan, Home Office, London, 2008, p. 16. 8 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 9 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 10 Ibid, p 2 11 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 12 Blee M R. Whittington, p 3 13 Blee M R. Whittington, p 3

Determinism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Determinism - Essay Example Free Will, Soft Determinism, (In)compatibilism Some of the eternal normative questions such as that of morality too have shaped the major arguments of compatibilism. The problem is that without free will, it is believed that there cannot be any morality among the human beings. The issue is ultimately about human choice. The starting point of the debate is not that what the choice must be. On the other hand, the question here is about whether human beings have the choice of choice at all, especially in their crucial actions with regards to life struggles. Pippin proposes that â€Å"freedom is understood by Hegel to involve a certain sort of self-relation and a certain sort of relation to others; it is constituted by being in a certain self-regarding and a certain sort of ‘mutually recognizing’ state. This state of self-consciousness and socially mediated self-reflection, defined in a highly elaborate systematic way as a ‘rational’ self- and other-relation, c ounts as being free† (p. 194). It means that free will is not only constituted with relations to one’s self but also in relations to other as well. Free will, in other words, is constituted by a dialectical relationship between the individual and the society. Here, in Hegel, the conflict between free will and determinism progressively blurs. One of the most important questions that need to be addressed reflexively is the problems of whether determinism is inconsistent with free will. But, one could argue that there is no given inconsistency as such between determinism and free will based on his/her lived in experiences alone. If the actions of a person are completely determined by rational factors, we must be in a position to correctly predict that person’s future course of action as well. No determinists have ever come up with a mechanism to do so whatever determinism they preach in theory. According to Steward, â€Å"it appears that it is a matter of luck in s ome sense that we ever manage to decide things, but this luck does not appear to prevent those decisions we do manage to make from having been truly up to us. And this means that we must be cautious, in turn, about the demands we impose on the libertarian. In particular, we must not insist that the libertarian story entail that luck be entirely absent from the arena of action† (p. 169). The dialectics between chance and necessity of course have a crucial role in understanding the interactions between free will and determinism. God or the ultimate determinism must itself be seen as an expression of the free will of the universe. Pippin suggests that â€Å"treating Geist itself as a kind of norm; a collective institution whereby we (remaining the natural organisms we ontologically are) hold each other to a responsiveness to and directedness by reason, and thereby realize spirit as ‘freedom† (p. 204). It is the universal and human beings’ hold with it determin es our free expression of the will. The free will does not exist independently. It materializes itself only in the given conditions. To argue that human beings are completely governed by their decisions is completely wrong. Even our own decisions do not determine our own behavior or a particular course of action. It is one of the strongest assertions of Steward is that â€Å"decisiveness is an executive virtue we do not all possess – so vacillation – even vacillation that is ultimately fatal to treasured aims - does not constitute the sort of behaviour we cannot make

The Stock Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Stock Plans - Essay Example The major difference between the two accounting methods is that the intrinsic value based method overstates the income of the company. This method does not reveal the fair value of the stock, whereas the fair value based method, which is also recommended by FASB is based upon the estimated fair value of the company’s stock. Amount Of Compensation Under a stock options plan, 100 shares were offered to each employee that was purchased or exercised at $45 per share i.e., the grant price. The stock options would cost them $4500 ($45x100). However, the current market price of the stock is $60, which makes $6000 ($60x100) if sold in the market. The shares would obviously be sold on the current market value and hence each employee would get the difference ($6000-$4500) between the grant price and the current market value. The total amount of compensation that each employee would get is $1500 making the total compensation of $3000 paid by the company to two employees. Recording Of Sto ck Options In XYZ’s books The US GAAP requires the companies to expense out the employee stock options on the fair or intrinsic value, as well as disclose it in the company’s financial statements, which is supposed to decrease the company’s earnings significantly. Therefore, an expense will be recorded in the books of XYZ Corporation against the amount of employee stock options as per the accounting practice of FASB and the corresponding expense will be disclosed in the company’s financial statements.

Inputs of Industrial Services of America Research Paper

Inputs of Industrial Services of America - Research Paper Example Besides, all these essentials are interconnected. As such, they must work together, and a change in one must result in the subsequent change in rest, for the model to be effective (Burke, 2010). According to the pioneers of the model, the first input of an organization is the environment. This entails the external factors of an organization, having significant implications on a firm’s ultimate achievement. The model deems the environment transformation to be having a significant compulsion to an organization’s definitive transformation (Burke, 2010). The model is anchored in the principle that the organization is an open structure, where the outside surroundings have significant impacts on its subsystems. Additionally, the firm ought to apply environment change to review the changes within an organization. The next input of the model is resources. According to Nadler and Tushman, an organization acquires inputs from within and externally to the firm, and then changes th em into outputs. The output may comprise of the firm’s actions, performance, as well as its behavior. Additionally, these occur at the individual, group, and wholesome stage. As such, if an organization is performing below the set objectives, it ought to review its resources. These resources may include capital and information, along with others (Burke, 2010). A firm’s history is also essential for the success of a firm. Various firms substantially rely on their history for success. Companies with well-known products usually possess a niche over their rivals. However, a firm’s history may be detrimental to their objective achievement, since their competitors may use it to their advantage. This may be through counterfeit and... Various organizations face numerous crises in their endeavor to attain their set objectives. Therefore, there is a dire need for organizational transformation in order to keep these organizations on track and realize their initial purpose.Various organization experts have developed models to aid organizations in implementing organizational transformation. Nadler and Tushman together pioneered in the development of an Organization Diagnosis model identified as Nadler-Tushman Congruence model. This model is helpful, since firms employ it in improving an organization’s efficiency, and consequently, promoting the revenue accrual. The model also aids in determining the consequences of transforming an organization. Besides, it is critical to assess the nature and intensity of the predicaments an organization encounters prior to employing the model. The model also highlights the consequence of evaluating an organization before implementing changes in an organization. Besides, approac hes of organizational modification that worked elsewhere may not work within another organization. This has been the case of many organizations, where a new management staff employs an organization plan that worked in their earlier firms. This produces devastating results, since the predicaments facing their new company are dissimilar to the ones facing their former companies. Organizations encounter several challenges in their pursuit of set goals. These challenges may include competition, counterfeit and brand disputes among others.

Threat from Naturalised Wildflowers on Roadside Verges

Threat from Naturalised Wildflowers on Roadside Verges The Threat from Naturalised Wildflowers used on Roadside Verges for Native Forests and Agriculture. The naturalised vascular species of flora throughout New Zealand at present has similar totals to the native species (Williams Cameron, 2006), and newly naturalised species are being discovered at an increasing rate (Howell, 2008). Approximately 19% of all naturalised species are presently recorded as environmental weeds (Howell, 2008). Unfortunately, these statistics can, incorrectly, give the impression that New Zealand environments are inundated with an abundance of diverse weeds. Rather, the majority of naturalised plants, together with weeds, still inhabit a mere fraction of the wild-land habitats throughout New Zealand (Williams Wiser, 2004). In the centuries to come, it is predicted that weeds and other naturalised floras will increasingly occupancy areas of New Zealand, even for millenniums as has appeared to have occurred with Europe’s naturalised plants (Pysek Jarosik, 2005). The general origins of naturalised flora species were as decorative garden and feature pl ants (Howell, 2008), as such they commonly are present near human settlements (Timmins Williams, 1991). When random wild-land sites were surveyed few, if any, environmental weed species are generally found (Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, 2006). This suggests that environmental weeds are generally in the initial stages of infiltration into New Zealand’s environments, thus, there is an opportunity to curb further dispersal. Methods of long distance dispersal differ among environmental weed and naturalised flora species, however, the planting and sowing of naturalised flora species, particularly the wildflower varieties, on roadside verges both facilitates the establishment and acts as corridors for the dispersal agents of these species, for instance stock, people, and vehicles (Overton, Smale, Whaley, Fitzgerald, McGlone, 2002). It has been estimated that the naturalised flora species which are present along roadsides are disproportionately early naturalisations that were originally stock-dispersed, and from either or both recent or current agricultural use. The total richness of naturalised flora species on roadside verges can be reflective of habitat and aspects of the neighbouring land use (Ullman, Bannister, Wilson, 1998). Roadside verges, as well as riparian margins and various other ‘waste’ areas, contain patches of wild habitats that can act as reservoirs for naturalised flora species in what is otherwise intensively managed rural environments. However, some studies are indecisive when it comes to naturalised flora species utilising roadside verges as linear dispersal corridors autonomously of the neighbouring land. Rather, naturalised flora populations along roadside verges generally imitate the adjacent land and the naturalised flora communities present on that land. However, there wil l certainly be exceptions to this rule. One example in New Zealand is the Kaffir lily (Schizostylis coccinea) present in mid-Canterbury. This lily is spreading beside roads utilising the irrigation ditches (Webb, Sykes, Garnock-Jones, 1988). Roadside verges present an unusual, generally uninterrupted continuity of a mono-habitat. Given the variety of wild habitats that roads pass through, it is thought that this is indicative of a present absence of nearby sources that can be used for the purpose of propagating, or a propagule, for these species in the area. The role of propagule pressure at local scales in species distributions is well detailed by Levine (2001) in a related riparian structure (Levine, 2001). However, it is vague as to whether various ornamental naturalised flora species that are restricted to roadside verges could maintain their populations without the support of propagules from proximate cultivated sources, especially when it comes to competition from species that are more abundant, such as pastoral grasses, which disperse onto the roadside verges from the neighbouring land. Regardless of the typical dominance of species from neighbouring environments, roadside verges are not merely expansions of adjacent habitats (Angold, 1997) (Parendes Jones, 2000). Roadside verges are frequently continuously disturbed and possess altered soil conditions, particularly in close proximity to the traffic lane. They typically have high light availability, specifically verges next to high-traffic roads (Parendes Jones, 2000). This makes the proximal roadside zone a highly specialised habitat, which in the temperate zones of the Southern Hemisphere is normally occupied by ruderal, or pioneer, flora species generally originating in Eurasia, but they vary with regards to local climatic conditions (Wilson, Rapson, Sykes, Watkins, Williams, 1992). Over in Australia, tropical grasses often establish on roadside verges and before spreading into neighbouring open woodland (Amor Stevens, 1976). Generally, woody varieties of naturalised flora are more uncommon on roadside verges than herbaceous species; however, species such as pines and eucalypts (Healey, 1969) can be frequent on roadside verges, provided there is consistent available moisture and low disturbance rates. Such species as Cotoneaster spp. tend to be most common on roadside batters, which are generally less disturbed by roadside maintenance than the flat areas (Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, Smale, 2009). Naturalised plant species that are present on roadside verges can endure there as wild populations, yet they still may not infiltrate into the surrounding areas of agriculture and native environments. It is possible that filtering effects may be especially strong in climatically severe locations, even where the neighbouring short flora could give the impression that it is open to invasion. Herbaceous roadside naturalised flora are likely to be ephemerals, and are not able to penetrate neighbouring native vegetation, whereas successful invaders are inclined to be less ephemeral (Winqvist, 2003) and functionally similar to native species (Godfree, Lepschi, Mallinson, 2004). When it comes to prairie flora with a mix of native and naturalised ruderal species, the naturalised species are more likely to occur on roadsides than the native species (Larson, 2002). It is possible that similar patterns occur within New Zealand; however, ruderal species either native (Wardle, 1991) or naturalis ed on roadside verges are uncommon. On the other hand, where filtering effects are not as strong, the distribution of naturalised flora along roadside verges may alternatively suggest the initial stages of an invasion into the adjacent flora. In Europe, herbaceous flora could possibly be invaded from 50 to 100m from the roadside verge (Tyser Worley, 1992) and non-native evergreen woody species in the United States, invaded deciduous forests 120m from the roadside verge plantings (Foreman Deblinger, 2000). The effects of planting roadside verges with naturalised plants is exemplified in a study conducted by Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, Smale (2009) regarding the extent of Russell lupins (Lupinus polyphyllus) which has spread from gravelly roadside verges of the Mackenzie Basin into the adjacent degraded tussock grassland, riverbeds will also function similar to roads as key linear corridors for the spreading of plants (Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, Smale, 2009). In other circumstances, the discrepancy between naturalised flora on roadside verges and the neighbouring flora may be rather noticeable. Ruderal species are often limited to roadside verges or, for brief distances, into the neighbouring disturbed woodland in environments both different (Wester Juvik, 1983) and comparable to New Zealand (Pauchard Alaback, 2004). Whilst generally the Eurasian ruderal species do not establish within New Zealand forests, and it is more likely that the roadside verges will be invaded by shrubs and vines that possess comparable features to the native flora present (Williams, Nicol, Newfield, 2001). Within New Zealand naturalised flora on roadside verges are influenced by both climatic and altitudinal gradients (Wilson, Rapson, Sykes, Watkins, Williams, 1992) (Ullman, Bannister, Wilson, 1995). As the environmental responses are comparable to the responses documented in Europe, it has been recommended that establishment of all obtainable roadside verge sites by the naturalised species has occurred, regardless of the comparatively short time-span since their introduction to New Zealand (Ullman, Bannister, Wilson, 1995). However, this is unlikely to be true for all naturalised flora within New Zealand as generally there is a strong correlation concerning the time from naturalisation and habitation on roadside verges, as well as for the reason that there are numerous new naturalisations found on roadside verges (Williams Cameron, 2006). Roadside verges regularly offer the primary and closest opportunity for naturalised plants to establish past the restrictions of agriculture in what is an intensively managed landscape. 25% of recent naturalisations between 1989 and 2000 were gathered from roadside verges (Williams Cameron, 2006); though in part this is because of some sampling bias. The formation of an environment which naturalised flora will find favourable initiates with the construction of the road itself (Greenberg, Crownover, Gordon, 1997). A frequent effect of road construction is an elevation in the levels of the water-table on roadsides which aids the establishment of naturalised flora particularly in wetlands (Buckley, Crow, Nauertz, Schulz, 2003), whereas in more arid areas, the runoff delivers water and/or nutrients which then promotes the growth of naturalised flora (Williams Groves, 1980) more so than with natives (Angold, 1997). More often than not in New Zealand (Ullman, Bannister, Wilson, 1998), as well as in other parts of the world, naturalised grass species are some of the more commonplace roadside verge species (Tyser Worley, 1992), as the altered environment and roadside management is beneficial for them, more so than some of the other naturalised plant species, for instance woody species (Angold, 1997). In Westland, New Zealand, within the pakihi vegetation, the construction of roads has assisted the establishment and coverage of naturalised species by altering drainage patterns (as is the case with Carex ovalis) as well as increasing nutrient availability due to the soil disturbance (as with Holcus lanatus) (Williams, Courtney, Glenny, Hall, Mew, 1990). Roads themselves offer a way of accessing the land for a variety of modes of transportation from large vehicles to animals, and all may transport the seeds of various flora which are then deposited either haphazardly or specifically in various locations. Thus, it is possible for a species to invade more rapidly along roadside verges than across the landscape overall (Guthrie-Smith, 1953). This is indicated by the naturalised flora diversity and abundance found along the more developed roads (Tyser Worley, 1992) where the volume of traffic is greater, though the more developed roads may also possess a more altered and more regularly disturbed habitat along the roadside verge, as well as a higher density of human habitations. A mode of dispersal for various seeds and whole seed heads is the capability to be transported via some form of attachment, particularly to vehicles, specifically the smaller seeds which can be transported by the tyres of vehicles and in the soil itself that is a dhered to them (Schmidt, 1989). As a result, the seeds present on vehicles can originate from various habitats, and a small number of these species, comparatively, are found on roadside verges, yet the seeds of most naturalised species found on roadside verges are also persent on vehicles (Schmidt, 1989). Vehicles are capable of transporting not just the small seeds of naturalised flora species, which are more commonly than not grass species, but urban garden species as well which are generally wind dispersed (for instance Buddleja davidii) or dispersed via animals (such as Pyracantha spp.) (Wardle, 1991). The manner in which vehicles act as dispersal agents can be of particular concern to managers of natural areas, for example, in Kakadu National Park, they have found the seeds of roadside weeds in the tyres as well as the mud on vehicles (Lonsdale Lane, 1994). Unfortunately, a traditional method of washing cars is merely cosmetic, and does nothing to stop the spread of naturalised species via vehicles. As a result it is improbable that something can be done regarding seeds on private vehicles except in special circumstances, the most effective method to protect sensitive areas is to keep vehicles out altogether (Parendes Jones, 2000). Alternatively the approach of disregarding the dispersal vectors altogether and focusing on discovering the originating populations of naturalised species in sensitive areas (Lonsdale Lane, 1994) is possibly the best tactic in New Zealand, however, this may be unreasonable for locating naturalised species that have been spread by four-wheel-drive or ‘off road’ vehicles on tracks away from established roads. People who not only use roads but also the methods employed to maintain roads, principally the use ‘slashers’ on the roadside, are significant vectors for dispersal of naturalised species on roadside verges. Naturalised flora species are particularly dependent on these practices for their vegetative spread, species such as domestic hops (Humulus lupulus) within the Buller catchment, Nelson (Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, Smale, 2009). However, domestic stock is still the primary vector responsible for the dispersal of naturalised agricultural seed species in other parts of the world (Tyser Worley, 1992) (Pauchard Alaback, 2004), because they were preceded the introduction of stock transportation vehicles in New Zealand (Guthrie-Smith, 1953). While currently stock droving is not really practised within New Zealand, it is still possible for stock to disperse the seeds of naturalised species when they get transferred around (Tyser Worley, 1992). For naturalised species of flora to be actively planted and sowed on roadside verges, for the use in methods such as erosion control and even via the dumping of garden waste, has resulted in some significant invasions of flora, for example in the United States, Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) was used on roadside verges for erosion control and bank stabilisation. However, it quickly became a problem due to its rapid growth rate and capability to displace native plant species (Williams, Timmins, Smith, Downey, 2001). Japanese honeysuckle is also a problem in New Zealand (DOC, 2014). Russell lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) is another species commonly found on roadside verges throughout New Zealand and presents a threat to native areas. As they are an aggressive species presenting a particular threat to Canterburys braided riverbeds, with the potential impacts it could have these ecosystems. Roadside verges are among the areas of habitat suitable for use by environmental weeds and naturalised flora species as they advance their invasions into areas of natural vegetation within New Zealand’s landscape. Consequently, the protection of New Zealand’s sensitive and valuable conservation reserves from invasion by environmental weeds and naturalised flora species would definitely be advantaged by the control of planting and sowing roadside verges with naturalised wildflowers, particularly when used in combination with other weed control methods in neighbouring habitats that would be suitable for naturalised species. Carrie Page

The Passion of Joan of Arc by Carl Dreyer 1928 :: Essays Papers

The Passion of Joan of Arc by Carl Dreyer 1928 God, how dull. Way too many minutes of attempted silence are the ear plug door prize of this fine art gallery. At least Andrei Rublev has quiet singing and what often seem randomly included sounds. Instead, the viewer is guided by a docent of grasping faces, with their dramatic fingers outstretched, into a little love affair with decency on the screen. The Passion of Joan of Arc (Carl Dreyer 1928) is full of faces hard at work with substitute verbs for â€Å"say†. Jean the face, almost always in the majority of the screen when pictured, proclaims, prophesizes and replies while changing angle (mostly falling flatter in a turn to the left) and how incredibly wide open her eyes are. Monk face after monk face, occasionally with a body, plots (using â€Å"craft†) against and barks at the conniving witch Jean. These man faces are remarkable for their aged hardened brutal ugliness, whereas Jean is hip before its cool in her mastery of an androgynous yet medieval look. She’s the only man here worth your time. But where is her body! She bleeds, cries, burns, and even drools on her own hand after her hair is cut. That is it, her body is present in its pouring out. Once the man monk face spits on Jean, if we read the film with shots and reverse shots stitched together for theatrical effect, albeit obnoxiously from perspectives onstage. But it is still her face, her characterization, that is instilled with the touch of saliva. Her motor fluids run backwards, she gives out and off. No person takes in anything but words and wounds. Pool of water, the lone mirror shot, takes in man who says â€Å"long live Jeanne!†. But it is alone. Alone with God. For arm is cut. Silhouette is burned. Imagined self (and imagination at the same time) tortured with the spinning reel of a spiked pain machine. Peasants and soldiers hit with morning stars, spears, and parts of the body, perhaps. But then all that unfolds after Jean is unclear. O nce her life hangs clearly in the balance, the old rules no longer apply. The camera has found a new perch. Bat-like, suspended by the gate, swinging upside down.

Clean Air

The Economic effect: clean air actBy:College:Course:Professor:Date:AbstractThis research will give a recap of the evolution of clean air act and the adverse effects it has had on our economy since its formulation. Throughout my undergraduate studies I have analyzed the growth rates and fluctuation trends of our economy, I scrutinized how the environmental laws favor or discriminate against giant companies and gave comprehensive conclusion. I used previous environmental reports from researches carried out by federal environmental agencies and compared them to recent reports after president Donald Trump scrapped out some environmental laws that affected large petroleum and coal mining industries. I also designed questionnaires to the general public, professors, economics elites and workers that are employed in companies that are rated to produce health hazardous products like fertilizers. Every set of people had a unique set of questions to answer. I picked these broad array of respondents so that I could have accurate information and hence a good analysis of the topic. The questionnaires relayed some very interesting statistics and I must acknowledge the participation of every respondent. I decided to dwell on this topic in a bid to sensitize people on the effects of the environmental laws and motivate them to speak out on the sensitive issue. This was after the sad realization that the general public tends to ignore the broad environmental as they perceive it not to affect their daily lives. In my research I have recommendations for the federal environmental agencies, the lawmakers and the general public. The economic effect: Clean Air Act influence on the dollar Every law that is formulated usually has good or detrimental effects on the topic it touches; health laws cause a positive disruption on the health sector, criminal and marital laws have a bearing to the social aspect of humans and so do many other laws. Before the lawmakers pass laws they should first dissect the topic extensively as each law has to stand on another sphere and slightly if not adversely affect it eventually. Expert insights on the topics should be accommodated as experts usually have insights on different variables affecting a constant. Public participation should be encouraged and their opinions on the matter should be prioritized before any other parties' opinions; this is because all laws are usually formulated to shield the general public from certain adversities and discrimination.Failure to collect and include views of the general public to the clean air act was the first and most regrettable mistake the federal government ever did since it was tabled in 1963. The date is not clearly marked as the act became a landmark later in 1970 then later on 1990 when the laws were further studded (starobin-1990). I admire the nobility of the pioneer law makers as they thought the laws will save humanity from early demise but I will show how the laws have rubbed a negative impact on the economy and less impact on the topic it was meant to benefit; health. Over the years the years the federal government has been struggling to sustain if not grow its economy, the question they failed to ask themselves is; what economic impact does the clean air act have on our country? They would be having a precise answer to that eerie question if they would have accommodated views from economists.The clean air act does not stand on its own ground; it falls under environmental laws which encompass other laws like the clean water act. The environmental protection agency (EPA) is the federal body mandated to analyze, implement and review the laws. Under it are numerous specialized agencies that were brought together to boost the efficiency of the whole environmental protection agency. In my report I will be using the common abbreviations to denote these agencies. In the broad umbrella we have the office of technology assessment (OTA) which a body that monitors the use of technology and how it affects the environmental laws. The national acid precipitation assessment program (NAPAP) was created in 1989 to monitor the harmful substances in the rain and the effects it has on people, infrastructure and the agricultural sector. The maximum available control technology (MACT) is the agency under EPA umbrella that designs and assigns technologies to industries that produce harmful substances (e.g sulphuric and nitrogen air. Later on the national ambient air quality standard was introduced to keenly monitor the trends of harmful standards in air (kopp-1989) To set up all these bodies required a lot of money, money which had to be coughed up in hard cash from the national coffers. In the body of paper I will give a brief history of the agencies and the exact funds that were used to set them up, to be relevant I will also tell you the timeline these bodies take to do research and the cost behind them. Further, I will state the time they take to implement their recommendations then enumerate if the implantation has effects to the environment and the economy. For clarity, I will contrast the information with the findings of my research that largely depended on people views backed up financial data from business articles from reputable press companies. This report will give us a better understanding of the dynamics around the clean air act.The economic effectThe state averagely spills over $92 billion annually to ensure that all stakeholders comply to the environmental laws set. The clean air act is serviced by more than more $28 billion and the clean water spends over $29 billion (. The number skyrockets when we talk of other bodies that deal with regulation of hard harmful substance like fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides as they spend over $32 billion annually in running of their functions. We discover that when setting up the institutions to implement the clean air act the federal government had to wait for 10 years for the bodies to make researches and draw conclusions. Here the state spent over $500 million in setting up and equipping the bodies, a further recurrent expenditure of $426 million was used annually to keep the organizations functioning. From 1970 to 1990 a whopping $8.52 billion in setting up and maintenance of the clean air act alone. After the first set of 10 years of research, the clean air act was studded and to comply with regulations; affected companies had to part with $4 billion dollars in a bid to comply with the environmental laws. A research by private companies stated the figure hit over $20 billion annually (denny-1990). The companies were supposed to reduce emission of sulphuric air by 10 million tons and nitrogen air by 2 million tons per year. In 1980 the government launched another program; the national acid precipitation assessment program (NAPAP) and gave it $500 million to carry out its research in a span of 10 years. The program was supposed to study the effects of acidic rain on land and water areas. The findings were good for the health topic but the money pumped in keeping the program running did not return profits. The much awaited findings were; the quantity of harmful substances in rivers and lakes had risen but the rise could not be attributed to rain alone as there were other hard toxic substances in the water. The finding authenticated the claim that acidic rain degrades infrastructure but they said the rate of degrade was very slow and could be matched up by apt maintenance. Another astonishing finding was that acid rain had no effect on agricultural products and production. Car manufacturing industries were also devastated by the laws as the cars had to be fitted with technological sieves to reduce carbon emission after fuel had been burned. This had to be done immediately as the state did not want to take more time as the research had taken more years. In effect the car manufacturing companies had to add an extra $120 to $450 per car depending on the type of fuel the car used and its customizations (. Truck and plane manufacturers were also slapped with the new regulations and they realize a slash in their annual profits. When President George Bush administration came into office it had to oversee a further $3 billion annually being channeled into car, truck and plane manufacturers.Methods of researchAnalysis of credible economic articles from the internet 1963to 2017Analysis of the report written the environmental program agency Analysis of the annual national budget and its revenue streamQuestionnaires responded to by students, professors, workers and the general public.FindingsSince the clean act was passed the state has spent more than $40 trillion in establishing of the environmental bodies. This money was used in assembling the infrastructure, buying the equipment and payment of workers.The target set by the numerous agencies since 1970 are still a long way to be met as the only 5 out of the 20 harmful substances in air have been managed.Most people are unaware of the laws existence and even after researching about it they claim that they feel the laws don't improve the standard of their lives.Over 311 giant companies retrenched over a half of their workforce between 1980 and 1990, this indicates that 190,000 people were left jobless hence the state's capital stock lost over $37 billion annually throughout the yearsQuality of air in urban areas increased to 98%. The sulphur and nitrogen substance level in air has reduced drastically over time but other harmful elements like benzene are still in abundance (EPA-2000). This change was noticed in cities, I bet it is from the implantation of the gas fitters in cars that the change was noticed.When the maximum available technology control agency was formed, it oversaw companies part with $4 million each to fit the technology sieves on their chimnies. Mortality rates remained stagnant and worsened to former workers of companies that went out of business when the environmental laws were passed.ConclusionsThe state should prioritize the economic part as it is through it that it will get funds to run all other vital activities, it is only by a strong financial background that other institutions can stand. Since the formulation of the laws a lot of money that would have been used in the building of economy has been spilled on the assembling of different agencies within the environmental program agency. The money did not have any beneficial return as the findings that later came from numerous state funded research did not meet the expectations or prove the notions that; more regulations will lead to less emissions of harmful substances thus improve the quality and lower the mortality rate of humans.In a bid to enforce the laws more funds were used in aiding some companies abide by the rules but this did not save the companies from retrenching employees and later closure due to either non compliance or lack of profits. As years went by and the laws became less conducive, more companies shut down and with them more jobs. As all this was happening the mortality rates remained high as the prevention policies barely worked or if they did the effect was insignificant. The state focused on creating the laws and did not work on technological or medicinal mechanisms to reverse the effect of health hazards on employees that worked in petroleum, fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides and insecticide companies. The more they died the more the laws looked inefficient.Years went by and the states spending on the regulations increased with no positive visible effects. More companies went out of business and in extend the states revenue collection decreased. This meant that important projects stalled and people's livelihoods were lowered if not completely shattered.RecommendationsThe state should consider inclusivity of all stake holders. Things would be a little better if the government had considered taking profession views from economic experts; our economy could much better. The situation can still be salvaged and the professionals be allowed to make their reviews. Then it will be easier to amend the laws. Here I recommend the state to welcome economic experts on the round table and let their opinions matter. Company owners should also be left to add voice to the topic as the laws affect their enterprises directly; the more they are left out of the topic the more they will be kicked out of business. Non inclusivity leads to hostility and this will scare away investors. The general public should be allowed to cap the topic too as they are the direct beneficiaries of whatever the law dictates. The review timeline should be lowered from 10 years to round 2 years, development can be hastened and reversed if the effects are devastating by shortening the span. This span should be capped by short term policies that are to be met in it. It may seem that the shorter the lifespan, the more the expense because of the numerous activities; that is not the case the amount spent will be the same. In a span of 10 years you will hire a large lot of experts to carry out the research but if you break it down to two years you will have small sustainable number of employees that will have gained experience hence bring on board accurate data.The clean air act should be made flexible depending on the geographical setting of the company is and the importance of products it produces. If the laws on petroleum mining were not so stringent we could be having more oil to export and this will lower the unemployment rate in the state.Harmful substance research should be refined and be more specific. They should know the precise number of industries and population in a geographical area then deduce the effects. Most researches are carried out in urban areas but the laws that are passed from the specific researches are applied all over the country. The researchers should accept that different geographical areas have different quantities of harmful substances. It is only by perfection in research that the laws can be made flexible.Insurance laws should be studded just like the clean air laws to keep the health hazard companies that hire people in check. 0 They should state that upon discovery that the worker's health has been negatively affected in the line of duty that the compensation should twice as high the estimated value of the effectReference;Numerous reports done in 1979, 1989 and 1999 by EPA,The environmental program agencyResearch done in 1989 by Krupnick and koppThey worked for OTA, office of technology assessment.Book; Social cost of environmental quality regulations by Michael Hazilla